The Influence of Stress Management Strategies on Mental Health Outcomes in the Pakistani Healthcare Sector: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review explores the influence of stress management strategies (SMSs) on mental health outcomes (MHOs) among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Pakistan, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from eleven studies were synthesized using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to stress management strategies, mental health outcomes, barriers, facilitators, and contextual factors. The review identifies significant mental health challenges faced by HCPs, including psychological distress, burnout, and anxiety. Effective stress management strategies (SMSs) included coping mechanisms, organizational support, and resilience-building practices. Barriers such as inadequate support systems and systemic inefficiencies were noted, while facilitators included community support and personal coping strategies. Contextual factors like organizational readiness and cultural considerations influenced the effectiveness of these strategies. There is an urgent need for enhanced stress management interventions (SMIs) to improve mental health outcomes among HCPs in Pakistan. Recommendations emphasize strengthening organizational support, increasing mental health awareness, and addressing contextual challenges. Future research should further explore these areas to develop comprehensive support strategies.

Keywords: Stress management, mental health outcomes, healthcare professionals, Pakistan, systematic review.